Resumen
La calidad de los alimentos es crucial, especialmente en la industria cárnica, donde la oxidación de lípidos y proteínas afecta la calidad sensorial y nutricional. Este estudio evaluó el potencial antioxidante de los extractos metanólico (EM) e hidroalcohólico (EHA) de hojas de Coffea arabica en músculo bovino para mitigar la oxidación lipídica y proteica. Se empleó el método de extracción por maceración, se evaluaron los contenidos de fenoles y flavonoides, y la inhibición del radical DPPH. Los extractos se aplicaron a muestras de músculo bovino, incubadas con un agente oxidante (AAPH), y se evaluaron las formaciones de TBARS, carbonilos proteicos y las modificaciones de proteínas mediante SDS-PAGE. Los resultados mostraron que el EM presenta una mayor concentración de compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides, así como una mejor capacidad antioxidante en comparación con el EHA, con un porcentaje de inhibición del DPPH de 70.4 % y una IC50 de 630 µg/mL, frente a 64.2 % y 732 µg/mL del EHA. Además, el tratamiento con AAPH incrementó significativamente la formación de grupos carbonilo en un 152.5 %, mientras que el EM mostró un aumento del 42.5 % y el EHA del 62.5 %. En cuanto a la peroxidación lipídica, el EM redujo significativamente los niveles de TBARS en comparación con el AAPH, demostrando su capacidad para inhibir la oxidación. En conclusión, los extractos de C. arabica ofrecen una alternativa natural prometedora a los antioxidantes sintéticos, con una notable capacidad para proteger los productos cárnicos de la degradación oxidativa.
Citas
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